If you have a public setup and store a combination of username - password in a Sheet then theoretically I think you can:
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Have user-specific columns for users to input their username and password
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Create a template column to join the inputs above.
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Create a template column in the username - password stored sheet.
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Create a relation matching the two templates.
If relation is not empty then you allow them to see certain tabs/components, would it work?
However there is big security concern here. Anyone can access your username & password sheet using network resources, so I don’t recommend it.