I’m afraid not. What you see is what you get. I think Glide does it’s best to auto-size the columns based on the data, but I agree it would be nice if you could set default column widths.
Not out of the box, but it’s possible to create your own custom filters. Here’s a tutorial that shows how to do that:
Bob’s tutorial uses a Glide App, but similar techniques can be applied to any list/collection in either Apps or Pages.
My earlier note about the impact on updates would also apply in this case: