You seem to be figuring it out. If you haven’t already done so, do have a look at some of the explanations in Glide’s Documentation.
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Detail screen: The detail screen is attached to the single row of an item of a collection. This detail screen displays the attributes (columns) of this single row so we can see the detailed information of the item.
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New screen: The new screen is attached to a single row, up to you to decide which one. This single row can be in the current table or in a different one.
If you imagine tabs as screens stacked onto one another, a detail screen makes you go a step deeper into the funnel (a card is stacked on top), whereas a new screen allows you to skip aside from the stack and create something entirely different.